All diseases of Rice, wheat ,sorghum,maize and their causal organism

 ♦️🌾 DISEASES OF RICE 🌾

1. Bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae = X. campestris pvt. oryzae

2..Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

3..Foot rot Dickeya dadantii/Erwinia chrysanthemi

Grain rot Burkholderia glumae

Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Damage by bacteria (see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases)

4..Sheath brown rot Pseudomonas fuscovaginae

Fungal diseases

1.Aggregate sheath 

Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae

Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae [anamorph]

2.Black horse riding 

Curvularia lunata

Cochliobolus lunatus [teleomorph]

3..Blast (leaf, neck [rotten neck], nodal and collar) 

Pyricularia grisea

= Pyricularia oryzae

Magnaporthe grisea [teleomorph]

3.Brown spot 

Cochliobolus miyabeanus

Bipolaris oryzae [anamorph]

4.Crown sheath rot 

Gaeumannomyces graminis

5..Downy mildew 

Sclerophthora macrospora

5..Eyespot 

Drechslera gigantea

6..False smut 

Ustilaginoidea virens

7.Kernel smut 

Tilletia barclayana

= Neovossia horrida

8..Leaf smut 

Entyloma oryzae

9.Leaf scald 

Microdochium oryzae

= Rhynchosporium oryzae

10..Narrow brown leaf spot 

Cercospora janseana

= Cercospora oryzae

Sphaerulina oryzina [teleomorph]

11.Pecky rice (kernel spotting)Damage by many fungi including :-

Cochliobolus miyabeanus

Curvularia spp.

Fusarium spp.

Microdochium oryzae

Sarocladium oryzae

and other fungi.

1.Root rots 

Fusarium spp.

Pythium spp.

Pythium dissotocum

Pythium spinosum

2.Rust 

Rice is immune to rusts.[4]

3.Seedling blight 

Cochliobolus miyabeanus

Curvularia spp.

Fusarium spp.

Rhizoctonia solani

Sclerotium rolfsii

Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph]

and other pathogenic fungi.

4.Sheath blight 

Thanatephorus cucumeris

Rhizoctonia solani [anamorph]

5..Sheath rot 

Sarocladium oryzae

= Acrocylindrium oryzae

6.Sheath spot Rhizoctonia oryzae

7.Stackburn (Alternaria leaf spot) 

Alternaria padwickii

8.Stem rot 

Magnaporthe salvinii

Sclerotium oryzae [synanamorph]

Water-mold (seed-rot and seedling disease) 

Achlya conspicua

Achlya klebsiana

Fusarium spp.

Pythium spp.

Pythium dissotocum

Pythium spinosum

🌞Viral diseases in rice 🍚🌾

1.Rice black-streaked dwarf virus

2.Rice bunchy stunt virus

3.Rice dwarf virus

4.Rice gall dwarf virus

4.Rice giallume virus

5.Rice grassy stunt virus

6.Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus

7.Rice necrosis mosaic virus

8.Rice ragged stunt virus

9.Rice stripe necrosis virus

10Rice stripe tenuivirus

11.Rice transitory yellowing virus

12.Rice tungro bacilliform virus - see Tungro below

13.Rice tungro spherical virus - see Tungro below

15.Rice yellow mottle virus

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders[edit]

🍚🍚Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Alkalinity or salt damage Excessive salt concentration in soil or water

Bronzing Zinc deficiency

Cold injury Low temperatures

Panicle blight Cause undetermined

Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Feeding injury by rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax

Rice tungro Complex virus (Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Rice tungro spherical virus) transmitted by green leafhopper Nephotettix spp.)

Straighthead[6] Arsenic induced, unknown physiological disorder

White tip (see nematodes) Aphelenchoides besseyi

 Important diseases in rice 🌾

✅Rice blast - Pyricularia oryzae

Important rice diseases

✅Rice brown spot - Helminthosporium oryzae

✅Narrow brown leaf

spot of rice- Cercospora oryzae

✅Rice sheath blight - Rhizoctonia solani

✅False smut of rice - Ustilaginoidea virens

✅Stem rot of rice - Sclerotium oryzae

✅Sheath rot of rice - Sarocladium oryzae

✅Bacterial leaf blight - Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

✅Bacterial leaf streak - Xanthomonas campestris p.v. oryzicola

✅Tungro disease - Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV)- Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV).

♦️DISEASES_OF_SORGHUM

✅Ergot or sugary disease - Sphacelia sorghi

✅Anthracnose or red leaf spot -Colletotrichum graminicola

✅Rust -Puccinia purpurea

✅Leaf blight or leaf stripe -Exserohilum turcicum

or Trichometasphaeria turcica

✅Grain smut/Kernel smut -Sphacelotheca sorghi. 

✅Downy Mildew or Leaf shredding -Peronosclerospora sorghi

♦️DISEASES_OF_MAIZE

✅Turcicum Leaf blight -Helminthosporium turcicum. 

✅Cephalosporium wilt - Cephalosporium acremonium/

Cephalosporium maydis

✅Charcoal rot - Macrophomina phaseolina .

✅Banded leaf and sheath

blight- Rhizoctonia solani. 

♦️DISEASES OF WHEAT

✅Black or stem rust -Puccinia graminis tritici. 

✅Leaf, brown or orange rust -Puccinia recondit

✅Yellow or stripe rust -Puccinia striformis

✅Loose smut -Ustilago nuda tritici

✅Karnal bunt -Neovossia indica

✅Leaf blight -Alternaria triticina

✅Tundu disease or yellow slime

disease-Anguina tritici (Nematode) +Corynebacterium tritici or

Clavibacter tritici